10/3/2019 Groucho Marx Law Of Fraternization.
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(maternal uncle)Julius Henry ' Groucho' Marx (; October 2, 1890 – August 19, 1977) was an American comedian, writer, stage, film, radio, and television star. A master of quick wit, he is widely considered one of America's greatest comedians.He made 13 feature films with his siblings the, of whom he was the third-born. He also had a successful solo career, most notably as the host of the radio and television game show.His distinctive appearance, carried over from his days in, included quirks such as an exaggerated stooped posture, spectacles, cigar, and a thick mustache and eyebrows. These exaggerated features resulted in the creation of one of the most recognizable and ubiquitous novelty disguises, known as: a one-piece mask consisting of horn-rimmed glasses, a large plastic nose, bushy eyebrows and mustache. Contents.Early life Julius Marx was born on October 2, 1890, in Manhattan, New York. Marx stated that he was born in a room above a butcher's shop on East 78th Street, 'Between Lexington & 3rd', as he told in a 1969 television interview. The Marx children grew up on East 93rd Street off Lexington Avenue in a neighborhood now known as on the of the borough of Manhattan.
The turn-of-the-century building that his brother in his memoir Harpo Speaks called 'the first real home they ever knew', was populated with European immigrants, mostly artisans. Just across the street were the oldest in the area, owned by people such as the well-connected Loew Brothers and William Orth. The Marx family lived there 'for about 14 years', Groucho also told Cavett. The only known photo of all five Marx brothers with their parents in New York City, 1915; from left: Groucho, Gummo, Minnie (mother), Zeppo, Frenchie (father), Chico, and HarpoMarx's family was. His mother was, whose family came from in northern Germany when she was 16 years old. His father was, who changed his name from Marrix, and was called 'Frenchie' by his sons throughout his life, because he and his family came from Alsace in France. Minnie's brother was Al Schoenberg, who shortened his name to when he went into show business as half of, a noted act of the early 20th century.
Lee Siegel, author of Groucho Marx: The Comedy of Existence, wanted his biography to uncover the real man behind the iconic mustache. “Zippy's quite, uh” — Groucho Marxist waggling of eyebrows — “zippy.” “Well, that's. Between you and me, Reg, does Mack, well, does he tend to fraternize with his students? Say, dealing with her performance at the law school.
According to Marx, when Shean visited, he would throw the local waifs a few coins so that when he knocked at the door he would be surrounded by adoring fans. Marx and his brothers respected his opinions and asked him on several occasions to write some material for them.Minnie Marx did not have an entertainment industry career but had intense ambition for her sons to go on the stage like their uncle.
While pushing her eldest son Leonard in piano lessons, she found that Julius had a pleasant soprano voice and the ability to remain on key. Julius's early career goal was to become a doctor, but the family's need for income forced him out of school at the age of twelve. By that time, young Julius had become a voracious reader, particularly fond of. Marx would continue to overcome his lack of formal education by becoming well-read.After a few stabs at entry-level office work and jobs suitable for adolescents, Julius took to the stage as a boy singer with the Gene Leroy Trio, debuting at the in, on July 16, 1905.
Marx reputedly claimed that he was 'hopelessly average' as a vaudevillian, but this was typical Marx, wisecracking in his true form. By 1909, Minnie Marx had assembled her sons into an undistinguished vaudeville singing group billed as 'The Four Nightingales'. The brothers Julius, Milton and Arthur (originally Adolph, but Harpo Marx from 1911) and another boy singer, Lou Levy, traveled the U.S. Vaudeville circuits to little fanfare. After exhausting their prospects in the East, the family moved to, to play the Midwest.After a particularly dispiriting performance in, Julius, Milton, and Arthur began cracking jokes onstage for their own amusement. Much to their surprise, the audience liked them better as comedians than as singers. They modified the then-popular comedy skit 'School Days' and renamed it 'Fun In Hi Skule'.
The Marx Brothers would perform variations on this routine for the next seven years.For a time in vaudeville, all the brothers performed using ethnic accents. Leonard, the oldest, developed the Italian accent he used as Chico Marx to convince some roving bullies that he was Italian, not Jewish.
Arthur, the next oldest, donned a curly red wig and became 'Patsy Brannigan', a stereotypical Irish character. His discomfort when speaking on stage led to his uncle Al Shean's suggestion that he stop speaking altogether and play the role in mime. Julius Marx's character from 'Fun In Hi Skule' was an ethnic German, so Julius played him with a German accent.
After the sinking of the in 1915, public was widespread, and Marx's German character was booed, so he quickly dropped the accent and developed the fast-talking wise-guy character that became his trademark.The Marx Brothers became the biggest comedic stars of the in New York, which billed itself as the 'Valhalla of Vaudeville'. Brother Chico's deal-making skills resulted in three hit plays on. No other comedy routine had ever so infected the Broadway circuit. All of this stage work predated their Hollywood career. By the time the Marxes made their first movie, they were already major stars with sharply honed skills; and by the time Groucho was relaunched to stardom on, he had been performing successfully for half a century.Career Vaudeville Marx started his career in in 1905 when he joined up with an act called The Leroy Trio.
He was asked by a man named Robin Leroy to join the group as a singer, along with fellow vaudeville actor Johnny Morris. Through this act, Marx got his first taste of life as a vaudeville performer. In 1909, Marx and his brothers had become a group act, at first called The Three Nightingales and later The Four Nightingales. The brothers' mother, was the group's manager, putting them together and booking their shows. The group had a rocky start, performing in less than adequate venues and rarely, if ever, being paid for their performances. Eventually one of the brothers would leave to serve in World War I and was replaced by Herbert (Zeppo), and the group became known as the.
Their first successful show was Fun In Hi Skule (1910). Hollywood. The Marx Brothers in 1931 (from top, Chico, Harpo, Groucho, and Zeppo)Marx made 26 movies, 13 of them with his brothers Chico and Harpo.
Marx developed a routine as a wisecracking hustler with a distinctive chicken-walking lope, an exaggerated greasepaint mustache and eyebrows, and an ever-present cigar, improvising insults to stuffy (usually played by ) and anyone else who stood in his way. As the Marx Brothers, he and his brothers starred in a series of popular stage shows and movies.Their first movie was a silent film made in 1921 that was never released, and is believed to have been destroyed at the time. A decade later, the team made two of their Broadway hits— and —into movies.
Other successful films were,. One quip from Marx concerned his response to, the director of A Night at the Opera. Furious with the Marx Brothers' ad-libs and antics on the set, Wood yelled in disgust: 'You can't make an actor out of clay.' Marx responded, 'Nor a director out of Wood.' Marx also worked as a radio comedian and show host. One of his earliest stints was a short-lived series in 1932, costarring Chico.
Though most of the scripts and discs were thought to have been destroyed, all but one of the scripts were found in 1988 in the.In 1947, Marx was asked to host a radio quiz program. It was broadcast by ABC and then CBS before moving to NBC. It moved from radio to television on October 5, 1950, and ran for eleven years. Filmed before an audience, the show consisted of Marx bantering with the contestants and ad-libbing jokes before briefly quizzing them.
The show was responsible for popularizing the phrases 'Say the secret word and the duck will come down and give you fifty dollars,' 'Who's buried in?' And 'What color is the?'
(asked to reward a losing contestant a consolation prize).Throughout his career, Marx introduced a number of memorable songs in films, including ' and ', in Animal Crackers, ', ' and '., who once quipped that the only thing he could do better than Marx was sing, made a film with Marx and in 1951 entitled.Mustache, eyebrows, and walk. Groucho and in a scene from At the Circus (1939)The greasepaint mustache and eyebrows originated spontaneously prior to a vaudeville performance in the early 1920s when he did not have time to apply the pasted-on mustache he had been using (or, according to his autobiography, simply did not enjoy the removal of the mustache because of the effects of tearing an adhesive bandage off the same patch of skin every night). After applying the greasepaint mustache, a quick glance in the mirror revealed his natural hair eyebrows were too undertoned and did not match the rest of his face, so Marx added the greasepaint to his eyebrows and headed for the stage.
The absurdity of the greasepaint was never discussed on-screen, but in a famous scene in, where both Chicolini (Chico) and Pinky (Harpo) disguise themselves as Groucho, they are briefly seen applying the greasepaint, implicitly answering any question a viewer might have had about where he got his mustache and eyebrows.Marx was asked to apply the greasepaint mustache once more for You Bet Your Life when it came to television, but he refused, opting instead to grow a real one, which he wore for the rest of his life. By this time, his eyesight had weakened enough for him to actually need corrective lenses; before then, his eyeglasses had merely been a stage prop. He debuted this new, and now much-older, appearance in, the Marx Brothers's last film as a comedy team.He did paint the old character mustache over his real one on a few rare occasions, including a TV sketch with on the latter's variety show in the 1960s (in which they performed a variation on the song ',' co-written by Marx's uncle ) and the 1968 film. In his late 70s at the time, Marx remarked on his appearance: 'I looked like I was embalmed.' He played a mob boss called 'God' and, according to Marx, 'both my performance and the film were God-awful!' The exaggerated walk, with one hand on the small of his back and his torso bent almost 90 degrees at the waist was a parody of a fad from the 1880s and 1890s.
Fashionable young men of the upper classes would affect a walk with their right hand held fast to the base of their spines, and with a slight lean forward at the waist and a very slight twist toward the right with the left shoulder, allowing the left hand to swing free with the gait. Edmund Morris, in his biography, describes a young Roosevelt, newly elected to the State Assembly, walking into the House Chamber for the first time in this trendy, affected gait, somewhat to the amusement of the older and more rural members. Marx exaggerated this fad to a marked degree, and the comedy effect was enhanced by how out of date the fashion was by the 1940s and 1950s.Personal life. The Marx Brothers (clockwise from bottom: Groucho, Chico, and Harpo) by, 1946Marx's three marriages ended in divorce.
His first wife was chorus girl Ruth Johnson. He was 29 and she 19 at the time of their wedding. The couple had two children,. His second wife was Kay Marvis (m.
1945–51), Catherine Dittig, former wife of. Marx was 54 and Kay 21 at the time of their marriage. They had a daughter,. His third wife was actress.During the early 1950s, Marx described his perfect woman: 'Someone who looks like and talks like.' Marx was denied membership in an informal of friends (including Harpo) organized by, because he could play only the mandolin. When the group began its first rehearsal at Hecht's home, Marx rushed in and demanded silence from the 'lousy amateurs'. The musicians discovered him conducting the Los Angeles Symphony Orchestra in a performance of the overture to in Hecht's living room.
Marx was allowed to join the symphonietta.Later in life, Marx would sometimes note to talk show hosts, not entirely jokingly, that he was unable to actually insult anyone, because the target of his comment would assume that it was a Groucho-esque joke, and would laugh. On the set of You Bet Your Life with daughter Melinda, 1953Despite his lack of formal education, he wrote many books, including his autobiography, Groucho and Me (1959) and Memoirs of a Mangy Lover (1963). He was a friend of such literary figures as,. Much of his personal correspondence with those and other figures is featured in the book The Groucho Letters (1967) with an introduction and commentary on the letters written by Marx, who donated his letters to the.
His daughter Miriam published a collection of his letters to her in 1992 titled Love, Groucho.Marx made serious efforts to learn to play the guitar. In the 1932 film, he performs the film's love theme 'Everyone Says I Love You' for costar on a.In July 1937, an America vs England pro-celebrity tennis doubles match was organized, featuring Marx and playing against and, to open the new clubhouse at the Beverly Hills Tennis Club. Marx appeared on court with 12 rackets and a suitcase, leaving Chaplin – who took tennis seriously – bemused, before he asked what was in it. Marx asked Chaplin what was in his, with Chaplin responding he didn’t have one.
Marx replied, 'What kind of tennis player are you?' After playing only a few games, Marx sat on the court and unpacked a picnic lunch from his suitcase.quipped, 'The world would not be in such a snarl, had Marx been Groucho instead of Karl'. In his book The Groucho Phile, Marx says 'I've been a liberal Democrat all my life', and 'I frankly find Democrats a better, more sympathetic crowd. I'll continue to believe that Democrats have a greater regard for the common man than Republicans do'. However, just like some of the other Democrats of the time, Marx also said in a television interview that he disliked the. On the July 7, 1967, TV show, Marx said, 'The whole political left is the Garden of Eden of incompetence.'
Later years You Bet Your Life Marx's radio career was not as successful as his work on stage and in film, though historians such as and Michael Barson suggest that, in the case of the single-season (1932), the failure may have been a combination of a poor time slot and the Marx Brothers' returning to Hollywood to make another film. Marx as Ko-Ko, 1960In 1960, Marx, a lifelong devotee of the comic operas of, appeared as Ko-Ko, the Lord High Executioner, in a televised production of on 's. A clip of this is in rotation on.Another TV show, Tell It To Groucho, premiered January 11, 1962, on CBS, but only lasted five months.
On October 1, 1962, Marx, after acting as occasional guest host of during the six-month interval between and, introduced Carson as the new host.In 1964, Marx starred in the 'Time for Elizabeth' episode of, a truncated version of a play that he and wrote in 1948.In 1965, Marx starred in a weekly show for British TV titled Groucho, broadcast on. The program was along similar lines to You Bet Your Life, with taking on the Fenneman role.
However, it was poorly received and lasted only 11 weeks.Marx appeared as a gangster named God in the movie (1968), directed by, and costarring. It was released by the studio where the Marx Brothers began their film career,. The film received almost universally negative reviews. As a side note, writer published a story in the February 1981 issue of, relating how Marx prepared for the LSD-themed movie by taking a dose of the drug in Krassner's company, and had a moving, largely pleasant experience.Marx developed friendships with rock star —the two were photographed together for magazine—and television host, becoming a frequent guest on Cavett's late-night talk show, even appearing in a one-man, 90-minute interview. He befriended when the British singer was staying in California in 1972, insisting on calling him 'John Elton.'
According to writer, when Marx jokingly pointed his index fingers as if holding a pair of six-shooters, Elton John put up his hands and said, 'Don't shoot me, I'm only the piano player,' thereby naming. A for the Marx Bros. Movie is visible on the album cover photograph as an homage to Marx. Elton John accompanied Marx to a performance of. As the lights went down, Marx called out, 'Does it have a happy ending?' And during the Crucifixion scene, he declared, 'This is sure to offend the Jews.'
Marx's previous work regained popularity; new books of transcribed conversations were published by Richard J. In a interview in 1975, Marx called his greatest achievement having a book selected for cultural preservation in the Library of Congress. In a Cavett interview in 1971, Marx said being published in under his own name, Julius Henry Marx, meant more than all the plays he appeared in. As a man who never had formal schooling, to have his writings declared culturally important was a point of great satisfaction. As he passed his 81st birthday in 1971, however, Marx became increasingly frail, physically and mentally, as a result of a succession of minor.In 1972, largely at the behest of his companion, Marx staged a live one-man show at that was later released as a double album, An Evening with Groucho, on.
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He also made an appearance in 1973 on a short-lived variety show hosted. Fleming's influence on Marx was controversial. Some close to Marx believed that she did much to revive his popularity, and the relationship with a younger woman boosted his ego and vitality.
Others described her as a, exploiting an increasingly senile Marx in pursuit of her own stardom. Marx's children, particularly Arthur, felt strongly that Fleming was pushing their weak father beyond his physical and mental limits.
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Writer concurred.On the, Marx's final major public appearance, presented him with an honorary to a standing ovation. The award honored his brothers as well: 'in recognition of his brilliant creativity and for the unequalled achievements of the Marx Brothers in the art of motion picture comedy.' Noticeably frail, Marx took a bow for his deceased brothers. 'I wish that Harpo and Chico could be here to share with me this great honor,' he said, naming the two deceased brothers. He also praised the late as a great straight woman who never understood any of his jokes. Marx's final appearance was a brief sketch with in the television special Joys (a parody of the 1975 movie ) in March 1976.
His health continued to decline the following year; when his younger brother died at age 84 on April 21, 1977, Marx was never told for fear of eliciting still further deterioration of his health.Marx maintained his irrepressible sense of humor to the very end, however. George Fenneman, his radio and TV announcer, good-natured foil, and lifelong friend, often related a story of one of his final visits to Marx's home: When the time came to end the visit, Fenneman lifted Marx from his wheelchair, put his arms around his torso, and began to 'walk' the frail comedian backwards across the room towards his bed. As he did, he heard a weak voice in his ear: 'Fenneman,' whispered Marx, 'you always were a lousy dancer.' When a nurse approached him with a thermometer during his final hospitalization, explaining that she wanted to see if he had a temperature, he responded, 'Don't be silly — everybody has a temperature.' Actor recalled a similar incident: 'I recall the last time I saw Groucho, he was in the hospital, and he had tubes in his nose and what have you,' he said. 'And when he saw me, he was weak, but he was there; and he put his fingers on the tubes and played them like it was a clarinet. Groucho played the tubes for me, which brings me to tears.'
Niche of Groucho Marx at Eden Memorial ParkMarx was hospitalized at with on June 22, 1977, and died there nearly two months later at the age of 86 on August 19, four months after Gummo's death.Marx was cremated and the ashes are interred in the in. He was survived by his three children and younger brother, who outlived him by two years. His gravestone bears no epitaph, but in one of his last interviews he suggested one: 'Excuse me, I can't stand up.' Litigation over his estate lasted into the 1980s.
Eventually, Arthur Marx and his sisters were awarded the bulk of the estate, and Erin Fleming was ordered to repay $472,000. Marx and (a pun on ' and ') on a 1994 stamp Groucho Marx was considered the most recognizable of the Marx Brothers. Groucho-like characters and references have appeared in popular culture both during and after his life, some aimed at audiences who may never have seen a Marx Brothers movie. Marx's trademark eyeglasses, nose, mustache, and cigar have become icons of comedy—glasses with fake noses and mustaches (referred to as ', 'nose-glasses,' and other names) are sold by novelty and costume shops around the world., close friend of Groucho Marx and writer of several Marx Brothers films, inspired 's portrayal of on the 1960s TV series with similarly thick mustache, eyebrows, sardonic remarks, backward logic, and ever-present cigar (pulled from his breast pocket already lit).
As Groucho Marx once said, 'Anyone can get old — all you have to do is to live long enough'.—Queen speaking at her 80th birthday celebration in 2006.A meeting with led to a press photo of Marx pointing both of his index fingers and thumbs at Elton like revolvers. John's spontaneous response of holding up his hands and replying, 'Don't shoot me!
I'm only the piano player!' Was so amusing that Elton John reused it as the. An added Marx homage was that a poster for the Marx Brothers' movie was included on the cover art.Two albums by British rock band, (1975) and (1976), are named after Marx Brothers films. In March 1977, Marx invited Queen to visit him in his Los Angeles home; there they performed '.A long-running ad campaign for features an animated stork that imitates Marx's mannerisms and voice. On the famous in California, one of the 'O's is dedicated to Marx. Contributed over $27,000 to remodel the sign, in memory of his friend.
Actor has performed as Groucho Marx on stage for more than two decades. He continues to tour under rights granted by the Marx family in a show entitled An Evening with Groucho in theaters throughout the United States and Canada with supporting actors and piano accompanist Jim Furmston. In the late 1980s, Ferrante starred as Marx in the off-Broadway and London show penned by Marx's son Arthur. Ferrante portrayed the comedian from age 15 to 85. The show was later filmed for PBS in 2001. In 1982, filmed a version of the same show, entitled Groucho.Woody Allen's 1996 musical, in addition to being named for one of Marx's signature songs, ends with a Groucho-themed New Year's Eve party in Paris, which some of the stars, including Allen and, attend in full Groucho costume. The highlight of the scene is an ensemble song-and-dance performance of 'Hooray for Captain Spaulding'—done entirely in French.On June 25, 2019, listed Marx among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the.
Filmography Features Films with the Marx BrothersTitleYearRoleNotes1921VillainPreviewed once and never released; thought to be1929HammerReleased by; based on a 1925 Marx Brothers musical1930Captain Jeffrey SpauldingReleased by Paramount; based on a 1928 Marx Brothers Broadway musical1931Caesar's GhostShort subject; released by Paramount1931GrouchoReleased by Paramount1932Professor Quincy Adams WagstaffReleased by Paramount1933Rufus T. FireflyReleased by ParamountPost-Zeppo1935Otis B. DriftwoodReleased by1937Dr. HackenbushReleased by MGM1938Gordon MillerReleased by; based on a 1937 Broadway play1939J. Cheever LoopholeReleased by MGM1940S. Quentin QualeReleased by MGM1941Wolf J.
FlywheelReleased by MGM (intended to be their last film)1946Ronald KornblowReleased by1949Detective Sam GrunionReleased by United ArtistsShowdown at Ulcer Gulch1957Stage Conductor (voice)Cameo1957Peter MinuitCameo1959Suspect in a Police LineupEpisode: 'Solo filmographyTitleYearRoleNotes1936SunbatherUncredited cameo1937N/ACo-writer withInstatanes1943Unknown1947Lionel Q. DeverauxReleased by United Artist1950HimselfReleased by Paramount Pictures1950–61Himself (host)1951Emile J. KeckReleased by1952Benjamin LinnReleased by RKO1957George SchmidlapUncredited; released by1960Ko-KoEpisode: 'The Mikado' (aired April 29, 1960)1962John GrahamEpisode: 'The Hold-Out'1964Ed DavisEpisode: 'Time For Elizabeth'1967HimselfEpisode: 'The Greatest Invention in the World'1968Released by Paramount1968Mr.
FlywheelEpisode: 'Farewell, My Friends, Hello'Short subjects. Hollywood on Parade No. 11 (1933). Screen Snapshots Series 16, No.
3 (1936). Sunday Night at the Trocadero (1937). Screen Snapshots: The Great Al Jolson (1955).
Showdown at Ulcer Gulch (1956) (voice). Screen Snapshots: Playtime in Hollywood (1956)Bibliography. This list is; you can help. Books by Groucho Marx.
Beds (Farrar & Rinehart, 1930). Beds: revised & updated edition (Bobbs-Merrill, 1976 ). Many Happy Returns: An Unofficial Guide to Your Income-Tax Problems Illustrated by (Simon & Schuster, 1942). Groucho and Me (B. Geis Associates, 1959). Memoirs of a Mangy Lover (B.
Geis Associates, 1963). The Groucho Letters: Letters From and To Groucho Marx (Simon & Schuster, 1967, ). The Marx Bros, Scrapbook with Richard Anobile (Darien House/W W Norton, 1973, ). The Secret Word Is Groucho with Hector Arce (Putnam, 1976). The Groucho Phile: An Illustrated Life by Groucho Marx with Hector Arce (Galahad, 1976, )Essays and reporting.
Marx, Julius H. (April 4, 1925). 'Boston again'. New York, Etc.
The New Yorker. 1 (7): 25. — (April 11, 1925). 'Vaudeville talk'.
New York, Etc. The New Yorker. 1 (8): 25.References. August 20, 2007. P. 1. Billboard Magazine May 4, 1974 pg 35: 'Groucho Marx was the best comedian this country ever produced – Woody Allen'. Giddins, Gary (2001).
The New York Times Book Reviews 2000, volume 1. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
'The most enduring masks of the 20th century—likely to take their place alongside Comedy and Tragedy or Pulcinella and Pierrot'. The WWI draft registration of 1917 as Julius Henry Marx in Chicago, Illinois uses October 2, 1890. The 1900 census has him born in October of 1890. ^. Retrieved 21 September 2018. 1950 radio episode of. Gary Baum (June 23, 2011).
Bland, Frank. Retrieved 15 May 2012. Bader, Robert S. Four of the Three Musketeers: The Marx Brothers on Stage. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. P. 31. ^ DesRochers, Rick (2014).
The New Humor in the Progressive Era. New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. 83, 84, 85. ^. Archived from on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2008-06-25. Cite uses deprecated parameter dead-url=.
Boller, Paul F.; Davis, Ronald L. Hollywood Anecdotes (reprint ed.). Ballantine Books. P. 220. Morris, Edmund (2001).
(Modern Library Paperback ed.). New York: Modern Library. Retrieved 9 August 2016. Life With Groucho. New York: Simon and Schuster. P. 294. Friedrich, Otto (1997).
(reprint ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Online Catalog. Retrieved June 18, 2017. Jerry McCulley,.
Financial Times. Retrieved March 21, 2019. Irving Berlin, Robert Kimball, Linda Emmet. The Complete Lyrics of Irving Berlin, p.
Hal Leonard Corporation, 2005. Marx, Groucho.
The Groucho Phile, p. Wallaby, 1977. Charlotte Chandler.
Hello, I must be going: Groucho and his friends. Doubleday, 1978, p 190. Dwan, R. As Long As They're Laughing: Groucho Marx and You Bet Your Life. Baltimore, Midnight Marquee, 2000, p.
129. Kanfer, S.
Groucho: The Life and Times of Julius Henry Marx. New York, Vintage, May 2001, p. Retrieved 13 April 2015. Stoliar, S. Raised Eyebrows: My Years Inside Groucho's House. New York, BearManor Media, October 2011, pp. 124–5. Ebert, R.
A Living Legend, Rated R. Esquire, July 1972, p. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
Marx, G. The Secret Word is Groucho. New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1976, pp. 33–4.
Kaltenbach, C. Also 20 Years Dead: Groucho. Baltimore Sun, 19 August 1997, p. E-1. Hallett, Judith Dwan. Sarah Lawrence College. Retrieved 2007-07-29. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
Retrieved 22 November 2016. 2006-10-21 at the, Mark Evanier, 1999-06-04, retrieved, 2007-08-09. ^ 2012-07-17 at the, Mark Evanier, 1999-06-11, retrieved, 2007-08-09. ^ 'They Dressed like Groucho' Retrieved 5/1/2012., Mark Evanier, 7 March 2004. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
Hope Enterprises. Retrieved 2016-11-10. 'Gummo Marx, Managed Comedians'. The New York Times., April 21, 2007 Gummo Marks, an original member of the Marx brothers' comedy team, died here today. He was 84 years old. 'George Fenneman, Sidekick To Groucho Marx, Dies at 77'. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
Famed Actor Elliott Gould Recalls Groucho Marx's Final Days (July 10, 2013). 2014-01-06 at the. Retrieved January 5, 2014. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
20 August 1977. Officials at Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, where Marx had been hospitalized for the past two months with a respiratory ailment, said he died at 7:25 p.m. PDT of pneumonia. Groucho the Great. Retrieved April 20, 2015. Los Angeles Times, April 15, 2011, Obituary of Arthur Marx, 'In his father's declining years, Marx became a central figure behind a successful legal battle to wrest back control of Groucho's affairs from his late-in-life companion, Erin Fleming.' Retrieved June 27, 2017.
Buckley, David (2007). Chicago Review Press. Queen: The Ultimate Illustrated History of the Crown Kings of Rock.
Voyageur Press, 2009., New York Times, 2007-05-30. Erickson, Hal. All Media Guide New York Times.
Retrieved 11 July 2012. Rosen, Jody (25 June 2019). The New York Times. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Retrieved June 18, 2017.Further reading. Miriam Marx Allen, Love, Groucho: Letters From Groucho Marx to His Daughter Miriam (1992, ). Charlotte Chandler, (1979, ). Stefan Kanfer, Groucho: The Life and Times of Julius Henry Marx (2000, ).
Simon Louvish, Monkey Business: The Lives and Legends of the Marx Brothers (2001, ). Arthur Marx, Life With Groucho (1954, revised as My Life with Groucho: A Son's Eye View 1988, )). Arthur Marx, Son of Groucho (1972, ). Harpo Marx, Harpo Speaks (1961, revised as Harpo Speaks! 1985, ). Glenn Mitchell, The Marx Brothers Encyclopedia (1996, ). Steve Stoliar, Raised Eyebrows: My Years Inside Groucho's House (1996, )., 29 T.C.
88 (1957)External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.Wikiquote has quotations related to:. Newyorker.com. on.
at the. at the. at. at vault.fbi.gov. / (1928). (1932). (1934).
(1935). / and (1936). / / / (1937). / / and /, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, Harry D. Mills, Walter Oberst / and Allen Davey / (1938).
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Hawkins, and the / and his associates / Rey Scott / (1941). / / (1942). (1943). / (1944). Republic Studio, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / / / (1945).
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